What is Israel's Iron Dome air defence system and did it fail during the Hamas attack?

 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-10-10/what-is-israel-iron-dome-air-defence-gaza-rockets/102952172

Israel's Iron Dome: Did Hamas manage to outfox it?

Is it possible to penetrate the Iron Dome's air defense? If so, how did Hamas manage it? https://interestingengineering.com/military/israels-iron-dome-hamas-outfox-it

https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/world/israel-s-iron-dome-failure-concerns-rise-over-intelligence-failure-after-hamas-rocket-attacks-agencies-defence-forces-latest-updates-2023-10-08-896851

https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israels-security-forces-face-questions-after-hamas-attack-lays-bare-intelligence-2023-10-08/